EOC3+PERIOD+8


 * REVIEW SHEET EOC #3 ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION**

**NAME ___**

2b. What happens if you remove the autotrophs from the food chain? 2c. What gas do plants take in for photosynthesis? 2d. What gas do humans release from aerobic respiration (burning of glucose)? || **The function is to produce food = photosynthesis.** Is the fossil record complete or incomplete? || **It shows they go from simple to complex. There is always new fossils being found** homologous structures-**having the same typical structure and position** analogous structures-**features of different species that are similar in function** embryos-**an organism in early stages of development (same are related)** biochemistry-**the chemistry of living matter=DNA** || homologous structures-**having the same typical structure and position** analogous structures-**features of different species that are similar in function** embryos-**an organism in early stages of development (same are related)** biochemistry-**the chemistry of living matter=DNA** || asexual self-pollination cross pollination self fertilization Which of the above would show the most variation? || **Asexual- Having no sex or sex organs.**
 * 1. Draw a food chain with 3 consumers and 1 producer. Use arrows to show flow of energy. Label producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer and tertiary consumer. ||  ||
 * 2a. What is the function of a plant or algae or phytoplankton in a food web?
 * If you remove autotrophs from the food chain, the food chain falls apart.**
 * Plants take in carbon dioxide.**
 * Humans release carbon dioxide** ||
 * 3. Draw a food web with 8 organisms in it. Show arrows, label producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer. ||  ||
 * 4. Show the pathway of a carbon dioxide molecule. Start with a human. Draw and label the carbon cycle. || Carbon Dioxide leave the human which goes into a plant which lets out oxygen which is taken in by the human. ||
 * 5. Are genetic mutations in the body cell passed to children? Are genetic mutations in the sex cells passed to children? || **no**
 * yes** ||
 * 6. How would Darwin explain the giraffes long necks? || **there are two types of giraffes one with long necks and one with short necks the ones with short necks couldn't get food so they died off and the ones with long necks stayed alive and continued to reproduce.** ||
 * 7. What does the fossil record show us?
 * The fossil record is incomplete.** ||
 * 8. Think of the finches. Why would the finches have different beaks on different islands? || **The birds were all on the same island and split up and then they were on different islands and had to adapt to the conditions of that island.** ||
 * 9. Define the following:
 * 10. If 2 organisms have homologous structures, similar embryos and similar biochemistry, what does this tell us? || **By having similar structures, they are not only similar, but they are also closely related.** ||
 * 11. Some insects are pesticide resistant. Some bacteria are antibiotic resistant. How does this happen? || **This happens because eventually the insects can become immune to the pesticide.** ||
 * 12. Define the following:


 * Self Pollination- The transfer of pollen to another stigma of the same flower**


 * Cross Pollination- 2 flowers, trade pollen**


 * Self Fertilization- The opposite of Cross Fert. in Botany and Zoology.**

**Evolution** **Ecology** || ** Evolution __ the __ process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth. **
 * The most variation would be in sexual repro. or cross pollination** ||
 * 13. Define:

a. Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics b. Use and Disuse c. Need || A.physical chacteristics acquired over a life time are passed on B.disuse=weaker/use=stronger C.need=bigger and stronger || || || a. wolves increase b. deer increase c. wolves go down d. deer go down? || **a. deer population goes down** Draw and label a graph showing carrying capacity. || **Carrying Capacity- as many things as an environment can handle.**
 * Ecology the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings. ** ||
 * 14. List points of Darwin’s Natural Selection (5 or so) || # **Too many organisms are produced**
 * 1) **Organisms vary**
 * 2) **Organisms struggle to survive**
 * 3) **The fittest for the environment**
 * 4) **The fittest get reproduces and pass on their genetics** ||
 * 15. Explain Lamarck’s ideas:
 * 16. Describe Survival of Fittest || **Only the best adapted to existing conditions are able to survive and reproduce.** ||
 * 17. Describe Natural Selection || **The organisms best adapted to the environment survive and pass on their genetic characteristics.** ||
 * 18. Describe Artificial Selection = selective breeding || **Intentional breeding for certain traits.**
 * Ex. Horse breeders do Artificial selection. They take two fast horses and breed them.** ||
 * 19. What evidence do we have to support evolution? || **fossils, biochemistry, homologous organs, embryos, etc.** ||
 * 20. Draw a graph showing the predator and prey relationship of the wolves and deer.
 * 21. In #20, what happens if:
 * b. wolf population goes up**
 * c. deer population goes up**
 * d. wolf population goes down** ||
 * 22. What is the carrying capacity?

Picture is on the board. || a. primary consumer eat b. secondary consumer eat c. tertiary consumer eat d. how does the producer get food? || a. primary consumers eat plants. b. secondary consumers eat rats, larva, & fish. c. Tertiary consumers eat snaked, fish, & seals. d. producers produce food || PRIMARY CONSUMER SECONDARY CONSUMER TERTIARY CONSUMER || b. name biotic factors: || **A: non-living; rocks, minerals, temperature**
 * 23. What happens if you go above the carrying capacity? || Population dies from lack of food or water/ resources are scarce. ||
 * 24. What happens if you are under the carrying capacity? || As long as resources are available, the population would keep growing. ||
 * 25. How can a population manage to stay at the carrying capacity? || **Control birth and death rates. This will make the growth rate stay at zero. (Consistent)** ||
 * 26. Who is always at the bottom of a food web? || **Producers** ||
 * 27. What does
 * 28. Which way do the arrows go? || The arrow points towards the flow of energy!!! ||
 * 29. Draw a food pyramid. Label each trophic level. || PRODUCER
 * 30. Draw and label the water cycle. ||  ||
 * 31. a. Name abiotic factors:

a. define mutualism b. define commensalisms c. define parasitism || **close & long-term interactions between different species**
 * B: living; producers, consumers, decomposers** ||
 * 32. Define symbiosis:


 * A: relationship in which they both benefit. + +**


 * B: living in, on, or with another without injury. + 0**

b. Diagram and describe convergent evolution || on the board ||
 * C: one lives as a parasite on another. + -** ||
 * 33. a. Diagram and describe adaptive radiation = divergent evolution
 * 34. What is reproductive isolation? || ** The environment may impose an external barrier to reproduction, such as a river or mountain range. ** ||