EOC3+PERIOD+2


 * REVIEW SHEET EOC #3 ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION**

**NAME _**

Producer primary secondary tertiary consumer consumer consumer 2b. What happens if you remove the autotrophs from the food chain?- **everything dies** 2c. What gas do plants take in for photosynthesis?-**oxygen** 2d. What gas do humans release from aerobic respiration (burning of glucose)?- **carbon dioxide** ||  || ||  || Is the fossil record complete or incomplete? - Incomplete ||  || homologous structures- similar structure, same ancestry analogous structures-preform the same or simialr function embryos- and unborn or unhatched offspring-looks similar biochemistry- chemicals like DNA ||  || I**f they have same bone structure, you are closely related.** ||  || asexual- reproducing with out a sexual partner self-pollination- process of pollination of a flower by the same flower or another on the same plant. cross pollination- process of pollination with pollen from another flower or plant. self fertilization- fertilization by an animal or plant by using their own pollen or sperm. Which of the above would show the most variation? ||  || **Evolution - The Process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have develpoped and diversified** **from earlier forms during the history of the Earth.** **Ecology - The branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings** ||  || a. Inheritance of Acquired Characteristic-**Idea that an organism can pass on characteristics that is aquired during it's lifetime to it's offspring.** b. Use and Disuse- **To be good at something you have to keep using it.** c. Need- **Things you use and need will get better. If you need something it will become developed.** ||  || ||  || b. deer increase- wolves population goes up c. wolves go down- deer population goes up d. deer go down?- wolve population goes dwon ||   || Carrying Capacity is the total number a population can hold. Draw and label a graph showing carrying capacity. ||  || a. primary consumer eat **- Eats plants; the Producers.** b. secondary consumer eat **- Eats the Primary Consumer** c. tertiary consumer eat **- Eats the Secondary Consumer** d. how does the producer get food? **- Sunlight** ||  || 0. ||  || b. name biotic factors: **Living components in the environment. Ex. Predators** || A: B: || b. Commensalisms- **both organisms live with each other with out injury to either.** c. Parasitism- **is when one lives as a parasite on another.** ||  || b. convergent evolution- Start off different end up similar ||  ||
 * 1. Draw a food 3 consumers and 1 producer. Use arrows to show flow of energy. Label producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer and tertiary consumer. ||
 * GRASS=> DEER=> WOLF=> BEAR**
 * 2a. What is the function of a plant or algae or phytoplankton in a food web?- **they are all producers**
 * 2a. What is the function of a plant or algae or phytoplankton in a food web?- **they are all producers**
 * 3. Draw a food web with 8 organisms in it. Show arrows, label producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer. ||  ||
 * 4. Show the pathway of a carbon dioxide molecule. Start with a human. Draw and label the carbon cycle.
 * 5. Are genetic mutations in the body cell passed to children? Are genetic mutations in the sex cells passed to children?**- A skin mutation would not be passed down to children. A chromosome mutation would get passed down to children.** ||  ||
 * 6. How would Darwin explain the giraffes long necks?**- the ones that had short necks would die out because they couldnt reach the leaves on the trees, over a period of time from the animals stretching their necks the giraffe evolved. long neck animals kept reproducing thats why we have giraffes today.** ||  ||
 * 7. What does the fossil record show us? -They show that animals went from simple to complex.
 * 8. Think of the finches. Why would the finches have different beaks on different islands? - All the birds lived together on the same island once, but a storm made all the birds separate and go to different islands where there beak changed because they had to adopt to the island there on. ||  ||
 * 9. Define the following:
 * 10. If 2 organisms have homologous structures, similar embryos and similar biochemistry, what does this tell us?
 * 11. Some insects are pesticide resistant. Some bacteria are antibiotic resistant. How does this happen?
 * If they spray a group of bugs and one of them get to escape they later reproduce. you spray them again with the same pesticide but they do not die, so you spray them with stronger pesticide, they eventually die but two survive. They begin to develop pesticide resistance throughout generations.** ||  ||
 * 12. Define the following:
 * 13. Define:
 * 14. List points of Darwin’s Natural Selection (5 or so)
 * The population of every species has a tendency to increase.**
 * Survival of the fittest.**
 * There is constant population size.**
 * There is differnt between species**
 * The individuals most adapted to the environment are most likely to reproduce.** ||  ||
 * 15. Explain Lamarck’s ideas:
 * 16. Describe Survival of Fittest- **an organism that is better adapted to fit it's surrounding is more likely to survive.** ||  ||
 * 17. Describe Natural Selection- **selected by nature to survive in it's environment.** ||  ||
 * 18. Describe Artificial Selection = selective breeding Process of changing the characteristics of animals by artificial means ||  ||
 * 19. What evidence do we have to support evolution? Fossils and DNA ||  ||
 * 20. Draw a graph showing the predator and prey relationship of the wolves and deer.
 * 21. In #20, what happens if: a. wolves increase- deer population goes down
 * 22. What is the carrying capacity?
 * 23. What happens if you go above the carrying capacity? **the human/natural resources will go down and people will die** ||  ||
 * 24. What happens if you are under the carrying capacity? **the human population will keep growing until we reach the carrying capacity** ||  ||
 * 25. How can a population manage to stay at the carrying capacity? **It can stay stable as long as the growth rate stays the same.** ||  ||
 * 26. Who is always at the bottom of a food web? **Plants, Algae, Grass** ||  ||
 * 27. What does
 * 28. Which way do the arrows go? ||  ||
 * 29. Draw a food pyramid. Label each trophic level. ||  ||
 * 30. Water Cycle
 * 31. a. Name abiotic factors: **Nonliving components in the environment. Ex. Weather**
 * 32. Symbiosis- **interaction between two different organisms.** a. Mutualism- **a relationship between both organisms that benefit from the association.**
 * 33. a. adaptive radiation = divergent evolution- start off the same end up different
 * 34. What is reproductive isolation? **If members of a species are separated from other members in such a way that they can not mate.** ||  ||