Period+8+Final+Exam+Review


 * REVIEW SHEET FOR ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM 2010-2011**

=All answers must be in your handwriting. All answers should be in the appropriate box in the column next to the question. Answers must be in **BOLD.**=

(temp, light, number of students, noise) || T**emp is controlled by a thermostat. Light by a light-switch. Number of students by the amount of desks available and noise by volume.** || Plants à insects à birds || i**f plants were removed, the insects would die resulting in the birds dying. If the insects were removed, the birds would die and the plants would flourish. If the birds were removed, the insects would flourish but then die because they ate all of the plants.** ||
 * # What can cells in your body do?
 * 1) cell division?
 * 2) pass DNA to other cells?
 * 3) Use energy? || **control body functions.**
 * Mitosis**
 * RNA**
 * yes** ||
 * 2. two function of cell membrane || **give shape to the cell, filter molecules** ||
 * 3. two differences between plant and animal cells || **Plants have chloroplast and animals don't. Plants have a cell wall and animals don't** ||
 * 4. What does salting meat do? What process is this? || **Preserve it. dehydrates it.** ||
 * 5. Describe homeostasis and give 1 example. || **Stable. Sweating.** ||
 * 6. How is homeostasis controlled in a classroom?
 * 7. In a food chain, what happens if plants are removed? Insects removed? Birds removed?
 * 8. What happens to cells in salt solutions? Which tonic is this? || **They shrink. This is a hypertonic solution.** ||
 * 9. Name 1 disease caused by the following organisms:

virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoan || a**. Virus- flu** a. placed in water
 * b. Bacteria- Strep Throat**
 * c. Fungi- ringworm and athletes foot**
 * d. Protozoan- malaira** ||
 * 10. What causes the flu, herpes, poxes, AIDS? || viruses ||
 * 11. How does the earth show homeostasis? (think oil spill) || **a property of a system, open or closed that regulates its internal enviroment** ||
 * 12. Definition of diffusion || **spreading of something more widely** ||
 * 13. Example of diffusion || p**ut dye in a glass and it will spread throughout the whole glass** ||
 * 14. Definition of osmosis || **movement of h20 thru semipermeable membrane** ||
 * 15. Example of osmosis || **egg in salt h20, egg in water egg in syrup** ||
 * 16. Which way do diffusion and osmosis always flow || **From high concentration to low concentration. To reach equilibrium. Particles are always moving.** ||
 * 17. Why do osmosis and diffusion occur? || **To reach an equilibrium. Particles distribute because they bounce off each other.** ||
 * 18. We put food coloring in a beaker of water. What happens? || **The food coloring diffuses and the water turns the color of the food coloring.** ||
 * 19. Name 2 ways to speed diffusion up. || **Mix and Add More, increase temperature** ||
 * 20. We put eggs in vinegar. What were we trying to do? || **To dissolve its shell and see/feel the membrane** ||
 * 21. What will happen to an egg without its shell if:

b. placed in salt water

c. placed in syrup || **A) Same/Get Bigger** a. hypertonic b. isotonic c. hypotonic || HYPER-**cell shrinks salt/sugar**
 * B) Shrink**
 * C) Shrink** ||
 * 22. If lots of water enters a cell what could happen? (Regular word and science word) || **Turgid = cell would get firm****Plasmoptysis = so big it would burst** ||
 * 23. Name solutions for the following tonics:

ISO-**cell stays the same**

HYPO-**move water on the outside** || hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic cell getting bigger, cell shrinking, cell staying the same, cell at equilibrium, water going in and out equally, cell that has osmosis going on || **its on the board.** || a. prokaryote: **A** b. eukaryote: **B** c. nucleus: **B** d. nuclear area: **A** e. bacteria: **A** f. human cell: **B** g. came first: **A** h. more advanced: **B** i. has many organelles: **B** j. has cell wall: **Both** k. has cell membrane: **Both** m. has cytoplasm and ribosomes: **Both** ||  || b. nuclear membrane- **Double-Layered membrane enclosing the nucleus of a cell**. c. cytoplasm- **Clear substance that consists of all the contents outside of the nucleus of a membrane bound cell-- gel** d. ribosomes- **Tiny particles that is present in large numbers in all living cells and serves as the site of protein synthesis.** e. mitochondria- **'Powerhouse.'** f. flagellum- **Hairlike structure**, movement g. cell membrane- **Container of a cell, semipermeable** h. smooth ER- **Has no ribosomes, transport** i. rough ER- **Has ribosomes, transport** j. chloroplast- **Organelle responsible for photosynthesis.** k. cell wall- **Found in plant cells, protect, support** l. vacuole- **stores water, food, waste** m. golgi- **packaging and storage** n. nucleolus- **makes ribosomes** o. cilia- **short hairs, movement** p. cytoskeleton- **skeleton, framework of cell** || spontaneous generation abiogenesis biogenesis origin of species natural selection artificial selection || __spontanious generation-__ **Production of living organisms from non living matter.** Abiogenesis- **same as spontaneous generation** Biogenesis- **Living matter comes from living matter.** origin of species- **Darwin's book.** natural selection- **Organisms that tend to adapt to environment** **tend to survive and produce more offspring.** artificial selection- **Selective breeding.** || Redi Pasteur Van Leeuwenhoek Darwin || Redi- **Maggots come from flies, not meat.** Pasteur- **Microorganisms, swan neck flask.** Van Leeuwenhoek- **First microscope.** Darwin- **Evolution.** || What is the first word? Second word? || **genus, species** || Plantae, Monera, Fungi, Animalia? Arthropoda, Nematoda, Cnidria, Platyhelminthes? || **kingdom, phylum** || vestigial organs homologous organs analogous organs || **vestigial organ:** **no longer used, like appendix or tailbone in humans** retrovirus lytic virus lysogenic virus provirus || **A. retro virus: RNA virus** Antibiotics Vaccine || **antibiotics: kill bacteria, not viruses**
 * 24. Most of the time your body cells are_ tonic || **ISOTONIC** ||
 * 25. Look at the three cells. Label the following terms on the correct cell:
 * 26. define the following and label on cell A or cell B:
 * 27. define the following organelles: || a. nucleus- **control, contain genetic matter.**
 * 28. Define:
 * 29. Give key points about each scientist:
 * 30. //Homo sapiens//
 * 31. Are these kingdoms or phyla?
 * 32. Define and give an example:
 * homologous organs:** **similar structure, like whale flippers and human arm**
 * analogous organs:** **similar function, like feathers, fur** ||
 * 33. If you are in the same phylum, are you in the same kingdom? Same genus? Same species? || ** same kingdom only ** ||
 * 34. Viruses must reproduce inside __ || ** host cells ** ||
 * 35. Define and give an example:
 * B. lytic virus: attacks and destroys cell**
 * C. lysogenic virus : virus that goes in and waits**
 * D. provirus : virus DNA that becomes part of the host’s DNA** ||
 * 36. Name the 2 parts of every virus || ** Nucleic acid, protein shell ** ||
 * 37. What do the following do and who do they work on?
 * vaccine: give you some weakened or dead virus, you make antibodies, prevents disease** ||
 * 38. Draw the shapes of bacteria:

coccus bacillus spirillum || **coccus-circle** capsule Petri dish Streptococcus || **capsule-a layer that lies outside the cell wall, protects bacterium** dominant gene recessive gene mutation || **-Produces same phenotype in organism** viviparous ovoviparous oviparous || **-Mammals= Live birth (uterus)**
 * bacillus-rod shaped**
 * spirillum-squigglely** ||
 * 39. If we overuse antibiotics, the bacteria may become: || **antibiotic resistant bacteria, antibiotics no longer work on the bacteria** ||
 * 40. Bacteria: Explain the following:
 * petri dish-shallow glass lidded dish, grow bacteria in it**
 * streptocococus-bacteria that causes strep throat** ||
 * 41. Are bacteria eukaryotes or prokaryotes? Why? || **Prokaryote. No nucleus.** ||
 * 42. How do diseases get passed down genetically? || **By DNA (chromosomes)** ||
 * 43. Define:
 * -Gene that produces phenotype only when allele is identical**
 * -Occurs when DNA gene is damaged.** ||
 * 44. Sweating allows humans to keep their: || **Body temperature** ||
 * 45. Define and give an example of each:
 * -Egg inside mom's body=snake sharks**
 * -Birds, most reptiles=lay eggs** ||
 * 46. What is a vaccine and what is it designed to do? || **Substance that creates antibodies to create immunity against diseases.** ||
 * 47. Put in order, smallest to biggest: protozoans, bacteria, viruses || **Virus, Bacteria, Protozoan** ||
 * 48. How many chromosomes in a human foot cell? How many in an egg? Sperm? || **46, 23, 23** ||
 * 49. Number of chromosomes in Down’s syndrome || **47** ||
 * 50. How can 2 parents not show the recessive trait, yet one of their children shows the trait? || **Heterozygous(Hh) Hidden** ||
 * 51. Define: homozygous, heterozygous, pure, hybrid, phenotype, genotype || **Same (HH, hh), Half+Half (Hh), Same (HH, hh), Half+Half (Hh), Physical Apperance, Genetic code** ||
 * 52. Cross 2 carriers of a disease. What are the % of their children with and without the diseae? || **on the board** ||
 * 52. Red is dominant to white. Cross homozygous red with homozygous red. Offspring % || **on the board** ||
 * 53. Chromosomes of a normal male. Normal female. || **male- xy**
 * female- xx** ||
 * 54. If the FBI needed your DNA, how could they obtain it? || **Through blood, hair, sperm, fingerprints and almost anything from your body.** ||
 * 55. If a disease is sex-linked explain who gets it more often and why? || **The male becuase it only has one x.** ||
 * 56. Why does DNA replicate? || **When a parent cell divides to become two daughter cells, it must make a copy of its genetic information, so that both of the daughter cells have a copy.** ||
 * 57. Describe karyotype and why it would be used || **The number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. Used to help discover diseases a person may have.** ||
 * 58. Define: mitosis, meiosis, fertilization, zygote, sexual reproduction, asexual reprodution || **mitosis- 2 identical daughter cells with same # of chromosomes**
 * meiosis- 2 identical daughter cells that split # of chromosomes from the original haploid cell.**
 * fertilization- fusing of 2 haploid gametes, then into zygote (offspring)**
 * zygote- diploid cell resulting in fusion of 2 haploid gametes**
 * sexual- offspring from 2 parents**
 * asexual- offspring from one parent** ||
 * 59. Define dominant gene, recessive gene, give letters. || **A dominant trait is visible and dominant over a recessive trait, and is represented by uppercase letters. A recessive trait is hidden by a dominant trait if a dominant trait is visible, and is represented by lowercase letters.** ||
 * 60. What is a double helix? || ** Also known as spiral staircase, it is the shape of DNA strands. ** ||
 * 61. Define biodiversity. || **Different species and a lot of variety.** ||
 * 62. Why is biodiversity so important? || ** All different species eat different things which results in less competition for survival. ** ||
 * 63. Why are there so many species of trees, birds or insects? || **All species eat different things, repro. differently, live different places, etc.** ||
 * 64. If we build home, malls, parking lots, what happens to biodiversity? || **Ruins biodiversity. Animals/plants die.** ||
 * 65. Name the kingdom (monera, protista, plantae, fungi, animalia) || **a. heterotrophs, multicellular- Animals or Fungi**
 * b. autotroph, multicellular- plantae**
 * c. mushrooms-fungi**
 * d. unicellular, eukaryote, amoeba-protista**
 * e. bacteria-monera**
 * f. prokaryotes-monera** ||
 * 66. There are 7 taxons. Name them starting with the largest first. || **KINGDOM,PHYLUM,CLASS,ORDER,FAMILY,GENUS,SPECIES** ||
 * 67. Name 10 invertebrates. Make sure they are in different phyla. || **SLUG,SNAIL,ANT,WORM,BEETLE, FLY, BEE,WASP,HORNET** ||
 * 68. Name animal. || **a. filter feeds - sponge**
 * b. enters through bare feet - hookworm**
 * c. mollusk, tentacles, suckers - cephalopod**
 * d. rectal itching - pinworm**
 * e. tentacles, nematocysts, stinging cells - jelly fish**
 * f. non-parasitic segmented worm - earthworm**
 * g. attacks liver, “big belly” - flat worm of fluke worm**
 * h. cross eyed worm - planarian** ||
 * 69. How do you use a dichotomous key? || **Read Carefully and examine the specimen and decide which description is the most appropriate. Choose 1A or 1B, NORNOS** ||
 * 70. Define the following terms: ||  ||
 * Hermaphroditic || **both sexes** ||
 * IPMAT || **interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase** ||
 * Dioecious || **separate sexes** ||
 * Cephalization || **nervous tissue concentrated toward one end of an organism** ||
 * Exoskeleton || **external (outside) skeleton** ||
 * Water vascular system || **echinoderms**
 * food, walk, tube feet h2O suction** ||
 * Sessile || **immobile attached by base** ||
 * Parasite || **smaller than host; dependent on infects** ||
 * Free living || **lives wherever; relies on no one** ||
 * Segmented || **separate parts & sections** ||
 * Symmetry || **same shape- bilateral, asymmetrical** ||
 * Molting || **shedding outer layer** ||
 * Heterozygous || **Rr one dominant, one recessive**
 * hybrid** ||
 * Homozygous || **RR identical alleles**
 * pure bred** ||